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traefik/docs/index.md
Emile Vauge 6e484e5c2d
add let's encrypt support 
Signed-off-by: Emile Vauge <emile@vauge.com>
2016-03-21 20:15:28 +01:00

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![Træfɪk](http://traefik.github.io/traefik.logo.svg "Træfɪk")
___
# <a id="top"></a> Documentation
- [Basics](#basics)
- [Launch configuration](#launch)
- [Global configuration](#global)
- [File backend](#file)
- [API backend](#api)
- [Docker backend](#docker)
- [Mesos/Marathon backend](#marathon)
- [Consul backend](#consul)
- [Consul catalog backend](#consulcatalog)
- [Etcd backend](#etcd)
- [Zookeeper backend](#zk)
- [Boltdb backend](#boltdb)
- [Atomic configuration changes](#atomicconfig)
- [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
## <a id="basics"></a> Basics
Træfɪk is a modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer made to deploy microservices with ease.
It supports several backends ([Docker :whale:](https://www.docker.com/), [Mesos/Marathon](https://mesosphere.github.io/marathon/), [Consul](https://consul.io/), [Etcd](https://coreos.com/etcd/), Rest API, file...) to manage its configuration automatically and dynamically.
Basically, Træfɪk is a http router, which sends traffic from frontends to http backends, following rules you have configured.
### <a id="frontends"></a> Frontends
Frontends can be defined using the following rules:
- `Headers`: Headers adds a matcher for request header values. It accepts a sequence of key/value pairs to be matched. For example: `application/json`
- `HeadersRegexp`: Regular expressions can be used with headers as well. It accepts a sequence of key/value pairs, where the value has regex support. For example: `application/(text|json)`
- `Host`: Host adds a matcher for the URL host. It accepts a template with zero or more URL variables enclosed by `{}`. Variables can define an optional regexp pattern to be matched: `www.traefik.io`, `{subdomain:[a-z]+}.traefik.io`
- `Methods`: Methods adds a matcher for HTTP methods. It accepts a sequence of one or more methods to be matched, e.g.: `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`
- `Path`: Path adds a matcher for the URL path. It accepts a template with zero or more URL variables enclosed by `{}`. The template must start with a `/`. For exemple `/products/` `/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}`
- `PathStrip`: Same as `Path` but strip the given prefix from the request URL's Path.
- `PathPrefix`: PathPrefix adds a matcher for the URL path prefix. This matches if the given template is a prefix of the full URL path.
- `PathPrefixStrip`: Same as `PathPrefix` but strip the given prefix from the request URL's Path.
A frontend is a set of rules that forwards the incoming http traffic to a backend.
You can optionally enable `passHostHeader` to forward client `Host` header to the backend.
### HTTP Backends
A backend is responsible to load-balance the traffic coming from one or more frontends to a set of http servers.
Various methods of load-balancing is supported:
- `wrr`: Weighted Round Robin
- `drr`: Dynamic Round Robin: increases weights on servers that perform better than others. It also rolls back to original weights if the servers have changed.
A circuit breaker can also be applied to a backend, preventing high loads on failing servers.
It can be configured using:
- Methods: `LatencyAtQuantileMS`, `NetworkErrorRatio`, `ResponseCodeRatio`
- Operators: `AND`, `OR`, `EQ`, `NEQ`, `LT`, `LE`, `GT`, `GE`
For example:
- `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5`
- `LatencyAtQuantileMS(50.0) > 50`
- `ResponseCodeRatio(500, 600, 0, 600) > 0.5`
## <a id="launch"></a> Launch configuration
Træfɪk can be configured using a TOML file configuration, arguments, or both.
By default, Træfɪk will try to find a `traefik.toml` in the following places:
- `/etc/traefik/`
- `$HOME/.traefik/`
- `.` the working directory
You can override this by setting a `configFile` argument:
```bash
$ traefik --configFile=foo/bar/myconfigfile.toml
```
Træfɪk uses the following precedence order. Each item takes precedence over the item below it:
- arguments
- configuration file
- default
It means that arguments overrides configuration file.
Each argument is described in the help section:
```bash
$ traefik --help
traefik is a modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer made to deploy microservices with ease.
Complete documentation is available at http://traefik.io
Usage:
traefik [flags]
traefik [command]
Available Commands:
version Print version
Flags:
--accessLogsFile string Access logs file (default "log/access.log")
--boltdb Enable Boltdb backend
--boltdb.endpoint string Boltdb server endpoint (default "127.0.0.1:4001")
--boltdb.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--boltdb.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
--boltdb.watch Watch provider (default true)
-c, --configFile string Configuration file to use (TOML, JSON, YAML, HCL).
--consul Enable Consul backend
--consul.endpoint string Comma sepparated Consul server endpoints (default "127.0.0.1:8500")
--consul.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--consul.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
--consul.tls Enable Consul TLS support
--consul.tls.ca string TLS CA
--consul.tls.cert string TLS cert
--consul.tls.insecureSkipVerify TLS insecure skip verify
--consul.tls.key string TLS key
--consul.watch Watch provider (default true)
--consulCatalog Enable Consul catalog backend
--consulCatalog.domain string Default domain used
--consulCatalog.endpoint string Consul server endpoint (default "127.0.0.1:8500")
--defaultEntryPoints value Entrypoints to be used by frontends that do not specify any entrypoint (default &main.DefaultEntryPoints(nil))
--docker Enable Docker backend
--docker.domain string Default domain used
--docker.endpoint string Docker server endpoint. Can be a tcp or a unix socket endpoint (default "unix:///var/run/docker.sock")
--docker.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--docker.tls Enable Docker TLS support
--docker.tls.ca string TLS CA
--docker.tls.cert string TLS cert
--docker.tls.insecureSkipVerify TLS insecure skip verify
--docker.tls.key string TLS key
--docker.watch Watch provider (default true)
--entryPoints value Entrypoints definition using format: --entryPoints='Name:http Address::8000 Redirect.EntryPoint:https' --entryPoints='Name:https Address::4442 TLS:tests/traefik.crt,tests/traefik.key'
--etcd Enable Etcd backend
--etcd.endpoint string Comma sepparated Etcd server endpoints (default "127.0.0.1:4001")
--etcd.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--etcd.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
--etcd.tls Enable Etcd TLS support
--etcd.tls.ca string TLS CA
--etcd.tls.cert string TLS cert
--etcd.tls.insecureSkipVerify TLS insecure skip verify
--etcd.tls.key string TLS key
--etcd.watch Watch provider (default true)
--file Enable File backend
--file.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--file.watch Watch provider (default true)
-g, --graceTimeOut string Timeout in seconds. Duration to give active requests a chance to finish during hot-reloads (default "10")
-l, --logLevel string Log level (default "ERROR")
--marathon Enable Marathon backend
--marathon.domain string Default domain used
--marathon.endpoint string Marathon server endpoint. You can also specify multiple endpoint for Marathon (default "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
--marathon.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--marathon.watch Watch provider (default true)
--maxIdleConnsPerHost int If non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) to keep per-host. If zero, DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost is used
--providersThrottleDuration duration Backends throttle duration: minimum duration between 2 events from providers before applying a new configuration. It avoids unnecessary reloads if multiples events are sent in a short amount of time. (default 2s)
--traefikLogsFile string Traefik logs file (default "log/traefik.log")
--web Enable Web backend
--web.address string Web administration port (default ":8080")
--web.cerFile string SSL certificate
--web.keyFile string SSL certificate
--web.readOnly Enable read only API
--zookeeper Enable Zookeeper backend
--zookeeper.endpoint string Comma sepparated Zookeeper server endpoints (default "127.0.0.1:2181")
--zookeeper.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
--zookeeper.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
--zookeeper.watch Watch provider (default true)
Use "traefik [command] --help" for more information about a command.
```
## <a id="global"></a> Global configuration
```toml
# traefik.toml
################################################################
# Global configuration
################################################################
# Timeout in seconds.
# Duration to give active requests a chance to finish during hot-reloads
#
# Optional
# Default: 10
#
# graceTimeOut = 10
# Traefik logs file
# If not defined, logs to stdout
#
# Optional
#
# traefikLogsFile = "log/traefik.log"
# Access logs file
#
# Optional
#
# accessLogsFile = "log/access.log"
# Log level
#
# Optional
# Default: "ERROR"
#
# logLevel = "ERROR"
# Backends throttle duration: minimum duration between 2 events from providers
# before applying a new configuration. It avoids unnecessary reloads if multiples events
# are sent in a short amount of time.
#
# Optional
# Default: "2s"
#
# ProvidersThrottleDuration = "5s"
# If non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) to keep per-host. If zero, DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost is used.
# If you encounter 'too many open files' errors, you can either change this value, or change `ulimit` value.
#
# Optional
# Default: http.DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost
#
# MaxIdleConnsPerHost = 200
# Entrypoints to be used by frontends that do not specify any entrypoint.
# Each frontend can specify its own entrypoints.
#
# Optional
# Default: ["http"]
#
# defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
# Entrypoints definition
#
# Optional
# Default:
# [entryPoints]
# [entryPoints.http]
# address = ":80"
#
# To redirect an http entrypoint to an https entrypoint (with SNI support):
# [entryPoints]
# [entryPoints.http]
# address = ":80"
# [entryPoints.http.redirect]
# entryPoint = "https"
# [entryPoints.https]
# address = ":443"
# [entryPoints.https.tls]
# [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
# CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
# KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
# [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
# CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
# KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
#
# To redirect an entrypoint rewriting the URL:
# [entryPoints]
# [entryPoints.http]
# address = ":80"
# [entryPoints.http.redirect]
# regex = "^http://localhost/(.*)"
# replacement = "http://mydomain/$1"
```
## <a id="file"></a> File backend
Like any other reverse proxy, Træfɪk can be configured with a file. You have two choices:
- simply add your configuration at the end of the global configuration file `traefik.toml` :
```toml
# traefik.toml
defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.http]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.http.redirect]
entryPoint = "https"
[entryPoints.https]
address = ":443"
[entryPoints.https.tls]
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
graceTimeOut = 10
logLevel = "DEBUG"
[file]
# rules
[backends]
[backends.backend1]
[backends.backend1.circuitbreaker]
expression = "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
[backends.backend1.servers.server1]
url = "http://172.17.0.2:80"
weight = 10
[backends.backend1.servers.server2]
url = "http://172.17.0.3:80"
weight = 1
[backends.backend2]
[backends.backend2.LoadBalancer]
method = "drr"
[backends.backend2.servers.server1]
url = "http://172.17.0.4:80"
weight = 1
[backends.backend2.servers.server2]
url = "http://172.17.0.5:80"
weight = 2
[frontends]
[frontends.frontend1]
backend = "backend2"
[frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
rule = "Host"
value = "test.localhost"
[frontends.frontend2]
backend = "backend1"
passHostHeader = true
entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
[frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
rule = "Host"
value = "{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
[frontends.frontend3]
entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
backend = "backend2"
rule = "Path"
value = "/test"
```
- or put your rules in a separate file, for example `rules.tml`:
```toml
# traefik.toml
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.http]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.http.redirect]
entryPoint = "https"
[entryPoints.https]
address = ":443"
[entryPoints.https.tls]
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
graceTimeOut = 10
logLevel = "DEBUG"
[file]
filename = "rules.toml"
```
```toml
# rules.toml
[backends]
[backends.backend1]
[backends.backend1.circuitbreaker]
expression = "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
[backends.backend1.servers.server1]
url = "http://172.17.0.2:80"
weight = 10
[backends.backend1.servers.server2]
url = "http://172.17.0.3:80"
weight = 1
[backends.backend2]
[backends.backend2.LoadBalancer]
method = "drr"
[backends.backend2.servers.server1]
url = "http://172.17.0.4:80"
weight = 1
[backends.backend2.servers.server2]
url = "http://172.17.0.5:80"
weight = 2
[frontends]
[frontends.frontend1]
backend = "backend2"
[frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
rule = "Host"
value = "test.localhost"
[frontends.frontend2]
backend = "backend1"
passHostHeader = true
entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
[frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
rule = "Host"
value = "{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
[frontends.frontend3]
entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
backend = "backend2"
rule = "Path"
value = "/test"
```
If you want Træfɪk to watch file changes automatically, just add:
```toml
[file]
watch = true
```
## <a id="api"></a> API backend
Træfik can be configured using a restful api.
To enable it:
```toml
[web]
address = ":8080"
# SSL certificate and key used
#
# Optional
#
# CertFile = "traefik.crt"
# KeyFile = "traefik.key"
#
# Set REST API to read-only mode
#
# Optional
# ReadOnly = false
```
- `/`: provides a simple HTML frontend of Træfik
![Web UI Providers](img/web.frontend.png)
![Web UI Health](img/traefik-health.png)
- `/health`: `GET` json metrics
```sh
$ curl -s "http://localhost:8080/health" | jq .
{
// Træfɪk PID
"pid": 2458,
// Træfɪk server uptime (formated time)
"uptime": "39m6.885931127s",
// Træfɪk server uptime in seconds
"uptime_sec": 2346.885931127,
// current server date
"time": "2015-10-07 18:32:24.362238909 +0200 CEST",
// current server date in seconds
"unixtime": 1444235544,
// count HTTP response status code in realtime
"status_code_count": {
"502": 1
},
// count HTTP response status code since Træfɪk started
"total_status_code_count": {
"200": 7,
"404": 21,
"502": 13
},
// count HTTP response
"count": 1,
// count HTTP response
"total_count": 41,
// sum of all response time (formated time)
"total_response_time": "35.456865605s",
// sum of all response time in seconds
"total_response_time_sec": 35.456865605,
// average response time (formated time)
"average_response_time": "864.8016ms",
// average response time in seconds
"average_response_time_sec": 0.8648016000000001
}
```
- `/api`: `GET` configuration for all providers
```sh
$ curl -s "http://localhost:8080/api" | jq .
{
"file": {
"frontends": {
"frontend2": {
"routes": {
"test_2": {
"value": "/test",
"rule": "Path"
}
},
"backend": "backend1"
},
"frontend1": {
"routes": {
"test_1": {
"value": "test.localhost",
"rule": "Host"
}
},
"backend": "backend2"
}
},
"backends": {
"backend2": {
"loadBalancer": {
"method": "drr"
},
"servers": {
"server2": {
"weight": 2,
"URL": "http://172.17.0.5:80"
},
"server1": {
"weight": 1,
"url": "http://172.17.0.4:80"
}
}
},
"backend1": {
"loadBalancer": {
"method": "wrr"
},
"circuitBreaker": {
"expression": "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
},
"servers": {
"server2": {
"weight": 1,
"url": "http://172.17.0.3:80"
},
"server1": {
"weight": 10,
"url": "http://172.17.0.2:80"
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
- `/api/providers`: `GET` providers
- `/api/providers/{provider}`: `GET` or `PUT` provider
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends`: `GET` backends
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends/{backend}`: `GET` a backend
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends/{backend}/servers`: `GET` servers in a backend
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends/{backend}/servers/{server}`: `GET` a server in a backend
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends`: `GET` frontends
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends/{frontend}`: `GET` a frontend
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends/{frontend}/routes`: `GET` routes in a frontend
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends/{frontend}/routes/{route}`: `GET` a route in a frontend
## <a id="docker"></a> Docker backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use Docker as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# Docker configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Docker configuration backend
#
# Optional
#
[docker]
# Docker server endpoint. Can be a tcp or a unix socket endpoint.
#
# Required
#
endpoint = "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
# Default domain used.
# Can be overridden by setting the "traefik.domain" label on a container.
#
# Required
#
domain = "docker.localhost"
# Enable watch docker changes
#
# Optional
#
watch = true
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
#
# Optional
#
# filename = "docker.tmpl"
# Enable docker TLS connection
#
# [docker.tls]
# ca = "/etc/ssl/ca.crt"
# cert = "/etc/ssl/docker.crt"
# key = "/etc/ssl/docker.key"
# insecureskipverify = true
```
Labels can be used on containers to override default behaviour:
- `traefik.backend=foo`: assign the container to `foo` backend
- `traefik.port=80`: register this port. Useful when the container exposes multiples ports.
- `traefik.protocol=https`: override the default `http` protocol
- `traefik.weight=10`: assign this weight to the container
- `traefik.enable=false`: disable this container in Træfɪk
- `traefik.frontend.rule=Host`: override the default frontend rule (Default: Host). See [frontends](#frontends).
- `traefik.frontend.value=test.example.com`: override the default frontend value (Default: `{containerName}.{domain}`) See [frontends](#frontends). Must be associated with label traefik.frontend.rule.
- `traefik.frontend.passHostHeader=true`: forward client `Host` header to the backend.
- `traefik.frontend.entryPoints=http,https`: assign this frontend to entry points `http` and `https`. Overrides `defaultEntryPoints`.
* `traefik.domain=traefik.localhost`: override the default domain
## <a id="marathon"></a> Marathon backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use Marathon as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# Mesos/Marathon configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Marathon configuration backend
#
# Optional
#
[marathon]
# Marathon server endpoint.
# You can also specify multiple endpoint for Marathon:
# endpoint := "http://10.241.1.71:8080,10.241.1.72:8080,10.241.1.73:8080"
#
# Required
#
endpoint = "http://127.0.0.1:8080"
# Enable watch Marathon changes
#
# Optional
#
watch = true
# Default domain used.
# Can be overridden by setting the "traefik.domain" label on an application.
#
# Required
#
domain = "marathon.localhost"
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
#
# Optional
#
# filename = "marathon.tmpl"
# Enable Marathon basic authentication
#
# Optional
#
# [marathon.basic]
# httpBasicAuthUser = "foo"
# httpBasicPassword = "bar"
# TLS client configuration. https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config
#
# Optional
#
# [marathon.TLS]
# InsecureSkipVerify = true
```
Labels can be used on containers to override default behaviour:
- `traefik.backend=foo`: assign the application to `foo` backend
- `traefik.portIndex=1`: register port by index in the application's ports array. Useful when the application exposes multiple ports.
- `traefik.port=80`: register the explicit application port value. Cannot be used alongside `traefik.portIndex`.
- `traefik.protocol=https`: override the default `http` protocol
- `traefik.weight=10`: assign this weight to the application
- `traefik.enable=false`: disable this application in Træfɪk
- `traefik.frontend.rule=Host`: override the default frontend rule (Default: Host). See [frontends](#frontends).
- `traefik.frontend.value=test.example.com`: override the default frontend value (Default: `{appName}.{domain}`) See [frontends](#frontends). Must be associated with label traefik.frontend.rule.
- `traefik.frontend.passHostHeader=true`: forward client `Host` header to the backend.
- `traefik.frontend.entryPoints=http,https`: assign this frontend to entry points `http` and `https`. Overrides `defaultEntryPoints`.
* `traefik.domain=traefik.localhost`: override the default domain
## <a id="consul"></a> Consul backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use Consul as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# Consul KV configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Consul KV configuration backend
#
# Optional
#
[consul]
# Consul server endpoint
#
# Required
#
endpoint = "127.0.0.1:8500"
# Enable watch Consul changes
#
# Optional
#
watch = true
# Prefix used for KV store.
#
# Optional
#
prefix = "traefik"
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
#
# Optional
#
# filename = "consul.tmpl"
# Enable consul TLS connection
#
# Optional
#
# [consul.tls]
# ca = "/etc/ssl/ca.crt"
# cert = "/etc/ssl/consul.crt"
# key = "/etc/ssl/consul.key"
# insecureskipverify = true
```
The Keys-Values structure should look (using `prefix = "/traefik"`):
- backend 1
| Key | Value |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/circuitbreaker/expression` | `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `1` |
- backend 2
| Key | Value |
|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/loadbalancer/method` | `drr` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/weight` | `1` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.5:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/weight` | `2` |
- frontend 1
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/backend` | `backend2` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/rule` | `Host` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/value` | `test.localhost` |
- frontend 2
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/backend` | `backend1` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/passHostHeader` | `true` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/entrypoints` |`http,https`|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/rule` | `Path` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/value` | `/test` |
## <a id="etcd"></a> Etcd backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use Etcd as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# Etcd configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Etcd configuration backend
#
# Optional
#
# [etcd]
# Etcd server endpoint
#
# Required
#
# endpoint = "127.0.0.1:4001"
# Enable watch Etcd changes
#
# Optional
#
# watch = true
# Prefix used for KV store.
#
# Optional
#
# prefix = "/traefik"
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
#
# Optional
#
# filename = "etcd.tmpl"
# Enable etcd TLS connection
#
# Optional
#
# [etcd.tls]
# ca = "/etc/ssl/ca.crt"
# cert = "/etc/ssl/etcd.crt"
# key = "/etc/ssl/etcd.key"
# insecureskipverify = true
```
The Keys-Values structure should look (using `prefix = "/traefik"`):
- backend 1
| Key | Value |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/circuitbreaker/expression` | `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `1` |
- backend 2
| Key | Value |
|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/loadbalancer/method` | `drr` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/weight` | `1` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.5:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/weight` | `2` |
- frontend 1
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/backend` | `backend2` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/rule` | `Host` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/value` | `test.localhost` |
- frontend 2
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/backend` | `backend1` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/passHostHeader` | `true` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/entrypoints` |`http,https`|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/rule` | `Path` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/value` | `/test` |
## <a id="consulcatalog"></a> Consul catalog backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use service discovery catalog of Consul as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# Consul Catalog configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Consul Catalog configuration backend
#
# Optional
#
[consulCatalog]
# Consul server endpoint
#
# Required
#
endpoint = "127.0.0.1:8500"
# Default domain used.
#
# Optional
#
domain = "consul.localhost"
```
This backend will create routes matching on hostname based on the service name
used in consul.
## <a id="zk"></a> Zookeeper backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use Zookeeper as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# Zookeeper configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable Zookeeperconfiguration backend
#
# Optional
#
# [zookeeper]
# Zookeeper server endpoint
#
# Required
#
# endpoint = "127.0.0.1:2181"
# Enable watch Zookeeper changes
#
# Optional
#
# watch = true
# Prefix used for KV store.
#
# Optional
#
# prefix = "/traefik"
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
#
# Optional
#
# filename = "zookeeper.tmpl"
```
The Keys-Values structure should look (using `prefix = "/traefik"`):
- backend 1
| Key | Value |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/circuitbreaker/expression` | `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `1` |
- backend 2
| Key | Value |
|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/loadbalancer/method` | `drr` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/weight` | `1` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.5:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/weight` | `2` |
- frontend 1
| Key | Value |
|---------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/backend | `backend2` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/rule | `Host` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/value | `test.localhost` |
- frontend 2
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/backend` | `backend1` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/passHostHeader` | `true` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/entrypoints` |`http,https`|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/rule` | `Path` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/value` | `/test` |
## <a id="boltdb"></a> BoltDB backend
Træfɪk can be configured to use BoltDB as a backend configuration:
```toml
################################################################
# BoltDB configuration backend
################################################################
# Enable BoltDB configuration backend
#
# Optional
#
# [boltdb]
# BoltDB file
#
# Required
#
# endpoint = "/my.db"
# Enable watch BoltDB changes
#
# Optional
#
# watch = true
# Prefix used for KV store.
#
# Optional
#
# prefix = "/traefik"
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
#
# Optional
#
# filename = "boltdb.tmpl"
```
## <a id="atomicconfig"></a> Atomic configuration changes
The [Etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/issues/860) and [Consul](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/issues/886) backends do not support updating multiple keys atomically. As a result, it may be possible for Træfɪk to read an intermediate configuration state despite judicious use of the `--providersThrottleDuration` flag. To solve this problem, Træfɪk supports a special key called `/traefik/alias`. If set, Træfɪk use the value as an alternative key prefix.
Given the key structure below, Træfɪk will use the `http://172.17.0.2:80` as its only backend (frontend keys have been omitted for brevity).
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
When an atomic configuration change is required, you may write a new configuration at an alternative prefix. Here, although the `/traefik_configurations/2/...` keys have been set, the old configuration is still active because the `/traefik/alias` key still points to `/traefik_configurations/1`:
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
Once the `/traefik/alias` key is updated, the new `/traefik_configurations/2` configuration becomes active atomically. Here, we have a 50% balance between the `http://172.17.0.3:80` and the `http://172.17.0.4:80` hosts while no traffic is sent to the `172.17.0.2:80` host:
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/2` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
Note that Træfɪk *will not watch for key changes in the `/traefik_configurations` prefix*. It will only watch for changes in the `/traefik` prefix. Further, if the `/traefik/alias` key is set, all other sibling keys with the `/traefik` prefix are ignored.
## <a id="benchmarks"></a> Benchmarks
Here are some early Benchmarks between Nginx, HA-Proxy and Træfɪk acting as simple load balancers between two servers.
- Nginx:
```sh
$ docker run -d -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.nginx.localhost emilevauge/whoami
$ docker run -d -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.nginx.localhost emilevauge/whoami
$ docker run --log-driver=none -d -p 80:80 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
$ wrk -t12 -c400 -d60s -H "Host: test.nginx.localhost" --latency http://127.0.0.1:80
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80
12 threads and 400 connections
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 162.61ms 203.34ms 1.72s 91.07%
Req/Sec 277.57 107.67 790.00 67.53%
Latency Distribution
50% 128.19ms
75% 218.22ms
90% 342.12ms
99% 1.08s
197991 requests in 1.00m, 82.32MB read
Socket errors: connect 0, read 0, write 0, timeout 18
Requests/sec: 3296.04
Transfer/sec: 1.37MB
```
- HA-Proxy:
```
$ docker run -d --name web1 -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.haproxy.localhost emilevauge/whoami
$ docker run -d --name web2 -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.haproxy.localhost emilevauge/whoami
$ docker run -d -p 80:80 --link web1:web1 --link web2:web2 dockercloud/haproxy
$ wrk -t12 -c400 -d60s -H "Host: test.haproxy.localhost" --latency http://127.0.0.1:80
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80
12 threads and 400 connections
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 158.08ms 187.88ms 1.75s 89.61%
Req/Sec 281.33 120.47 0.98k 65.88%
Latency Distribution
50% 121.77ms
75% 227.10ms
90% 351.98ms
99% 1.01s
200462 requests in 1.00m, 59.65MB read
Requests/sec: 3337.66
Transfer/sec: 0.99MB
```
- Træfɪk:
```sh
$ docker run -d -l traefik.backend=test1 -l traefik.frontend.rule=Host -l traefik.frontend.value=test.traefik.localhost emilevauge/whoami
$ docker run -d -l traefik.backend=test1 -l traefik.frontend.rule=Host -l traefik.frontend.value=test.traefik.localhost emilevauge/whoami
$ docker run -d -p 8080:8080 -p 80:80 -v $PWD/traefik.toml:/traefik.toml -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock containous/traefik
$ wrk -t12 -c400 -d60s -H "Host: test.traefik.localhost" --latency http://127.0.0.1:80
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80
12 threads and 400 connections
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
Latency 132.93ms 121.89ms 1.20s 66.62%
Req/Sec 280.95 104.88 740.00 68.26%
Latency Distribution
50% 128.71ms
75% 214.15ms
90% 281.45ms
99% 498.44ms
200734 requests in 1.00m, 80.02MB read
Requests/sec: 3340.13
Transfer/sec: 1.33MB
```
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