traefik/docs/content/routing/overview.md

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# Overview
What's Happening to the Requests?
{: .subtitle }
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Let's zoom in on Traefik's architecture and talk about the components that enable the routes to be created.
First, when you start Traefik, you define [entrypoints](../entrypoints) (in their most basic forms, they are port numbers).
Then, connected to these entrypoints, [routers](../routers) analyze the incoming requests to see if they match a set of [rules](../routers#rule).
If they do, the router might transform the request using pieces of [middleware](../middlewares/overview.md) before forwarding them to your [services](./services/index.md).
![Architecture](../assets/img/architecture-overview.png)
## Clear Responsibilities
- [_Providers_](../providers/overview.md) discover the services that live on your infrastructure (their IP, health, ...)
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- [_Entrypoints_](./entrypoints.md) listen for incoming traffic (ports, ...)
- [_Routers_](./routers/index.md) analyse the requests (host, path, headers, SSL, ...)
- [_Services_](./services/index.md) forward the request to your services (load balancing, ...)
- [_Middlewares_](../middlewares/overview.md) may update the request or make decisions based on the request (authentication, rate limiting, headers, ...)
## Example with a File Provider
Below is an example of a full configuration file for the [file provider](../providers/file.md) that forwards `http://domain/whoami/` requests to a service reachable on `http://private/whoami-service/`.
In the process, Traefik will make sure that the user is authenticated (using the [BasicAuth middleware](../middlewares/basicauth.md)).
Static configuration:
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```toml tab="File (TOML)"
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
address = ":8081"
[providers]
# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
[providers.file]
filename = "dynamic_conf.toml"
```
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```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
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entryPoints:
web:
# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
address: :8081
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providers:
# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
file:
filename: dynamic_conf.yml
```
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```bash tab="CLI"
# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
--entryPoints.web.address=:8081
# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
--providers.file.filename=dynamic_conf.toml
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```
Dynamic configuration:
```toml tab="TOML"
# http routing section
[http]
[http.routers]
# Define a connection between requests and services
[http.routers.to-whoami]
rule = "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
middlewares = ["test-user"]
# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
service = "whoami"
[http.middlewares]
# Define an authentication mechanism
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[http.middlewares.test-user.basicAuth]
users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/"]
[http.services]
# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
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[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer]
[[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer.servers]]
url = "http://private/whoami-service"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
# http routing section
http:
routers:
# Define a connection between requests and services
to-whoami:
rule: "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
middlewares:
- test-user
# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
service: whoami
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middlewares:
# Define an authentication mechanism
test-user:
basicAuth:
users:
- test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/
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services:
# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
whoami:
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loadBalancer:
servers:
- url: http://private/whoami-service
```
!!! note "The File Provider"
In this example, we use the [file provider](../providers/file.md).
Even if it is one of the least magical way of configuring Traefik, it explicitly describes every available notion.
!!! note "HTTP / TCP"
In this example, we've defined routing rules for http requests only.
Traefik also supports TCP requests. To add [TCP routers](./routers/index.md) and [TCP services](./services/index.md), declare them in a TCP section like in the following.
??? example "Adding a TCP route for TLS requests on whoami.traefik.io"
Static configuration:
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.web]
# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
address = ":8081"
[providers]
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
[providers.file]
filename = "dynamic_conf.toml"
```
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
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entryPoints:
web:
# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
address: :8081
providers:
# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
file:
filename: dynamic_conf.yml
```
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```bash tab="CLI"
# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
--entryPoints.web.address=":8081"
# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
--providers.file.filename=dynamic_conf.toml
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```
Dynamic configuration:
```toml tab="TOML"
# http routing section
[http]
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[http.routers]
# Define a connection between requests and services
[http.routers.to-whoami]
rule = "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
middlewares = ["test-user"]
# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
service = "whoami"
[http.middlewares]
# Define an authentication mechanism
[http.middlewares.test-user.basicAuth]
users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/"]
[http.services]
# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer]
[[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer.servers]]
url = "http://private/whoami-service"
[tcp]
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.to-whoami-tcp]
rule = "HostSNI(`whoami-tcp.traefik.io`)"
service = "whoami-tcp"
[tcp.routers.to-whoami-tcp.tls]
[tcp.services]
[tcp.services.whoami-tcp.loadBalancer]
[[tcp.services.whoami-tcp.loadBalancer.servers]]
address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
# http routing section
http:
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routers:
# Define a connection between requests and services
to-whoami:
rule: Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)
# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
middlewares:
- test-user
# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
service: whoami
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middlewares:
# Define an authentication mechanism
test-user:
basicAuth:
users:
- test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/
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services:
# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
whoami:
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loadBalancer:
servers:
- url: http://private/whoami-service
tcp:
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routers:
to-whoami-tcp:
service: whoami-tcp
rule: HostSNI(`whoami-tcp.traefik.io`)
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services:
whoami-tcp:
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loadBalancer:
servers:
- address: xx.xx.xx.xx:xx
```