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You would usually need a minimum of a dual core PC, some odd 4GB ram, and atleast 10GB disk free space.
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If you don’t match the specs, don’t worry, we can workaround it.
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And then, you need Linux installed, doesn’t matter any distro, just grab up probably the latest ubuntu/openSUSE/fedora/Arch or whatever that suits you. Kernels can be compiled on literally any distro. They don’t need much of dependencies. For deps, just check out akhilnarang/scripts</p><p>Lets jump into the what it is to compile a kernel. So, you have seen a developer sending fancy kernel zips for you, you wanna make your own kernel, with your name stamped on it? Well, that’s too easy than you think.</p><p>A bit of terminologies………</p><p>Since we aren’t compiling a phone kernel inside a phone, you need a cross-compiler.</p><p><strong>What is cross compiler now?</strong>
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A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. For example, a compiler that runs on a Linux amd64 but generates code that runs on Android smartphone (aarch64) is a cross compiler.</p><p><strong>What is aarch64?</strong></p><p>That’s the common architecture for all android smartphones today. Well, there is an aarch32 but, that’s too old to be considered in current age.</p><p><strong>So, where do I get a damn cross-compiler, I googled, I cant find it.</strong></p><p><a href=https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-a/downloads target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-a/downloads</a></p><p>Go to this link, and grab the toolchain AArch64 GNU/Linux target and is x86_64 host.
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Just use some common sense, they are right there visible on that site. They are updated regularly, so be sure to check them out once in a while.</p><p>Ok, I have the toolchains, what more?
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Can I compile?</p><p>Oh yes, you can almost compile now, did you clone the sources?
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Probably look at your OEM code or someone’s code you wanna compile. Clone the sources fully with git.</p><p>Next steps, just few path changes, and finally we can hit the compile</p><blockquote><p><strong>A toolchain prefix is what all files on that dir start with. Like <code>aarch64-linux-gnu-***</code> The first part will remain almost constant. Remember the hyphen. You need to add it.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Cd to the directory where you have the cross-compiler, and then run this.</p><p><code>export CROSS_COMPILE=$(pwd)/bin/<toolchain_prefix>-</code></p><p>Since you aren’t building a kernel for your PC, tell that to the kernel buildsystem
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export ARCH=arm64 && export SUBARCH=arm64
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This tells that you are building for arm64 architecture.</p><p>Find the defconfig to build.</p><blockquote><p><strong>The defconfig is, in simple terms, a file containing a lot of switches and configurations that your kernel build will read and work out the binary. If you donno anything, better don’t mess with it.</strong></p></blockquote><p>All the defconfigs are located at arch/arm64/configs/xxxxx_defconfig
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You need to find which defconfig your OEM/the other person used. Use your common sense again.</p><p>Next:
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The glorious make.</p><p><code>make O=out <defconfig_name></code></p><p>and then
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<code>make O=out -j$(nproc)</code></p><p>Wait for a while, it takes around 1min-1hr depending on your system specs.
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If those commands succeed, you will have an Image, Image-dtb, Image.gz, or Image.gz-dtb file at the end. They will be usually at <code>out/arch/arm64/boot/Image.gz-dtb</code> or accordingly.</p><p>Assuming you were able to compile the kernel successfully, you now need to flash it!</p><p>How do I make a dtb into zip? Rename?
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No! That’s not how you do it.
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Add this dtb file to the root dir of the cloned anykernel3
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<a href=https://github.com/osm0sis/anykernel3 target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://github.com/osm0sis/anykernel3</a>
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Get to the anykernel.sh and use a bit of common sense. That’s all. Your flashable zip must be ready.</p><p>What’s next:</p><p><strong>Upstreaming CAF:</strong></p><p>If your device has a qualcomm snapdragon processor, then sure it has CAF support. CAF is known for improving performance and other stuff with their patches.</p><p><strong>What all can you grab?</strong></p><p>Generally people grab QCACLD-3.0 and Techpack. You may also merge their own kernel repos. It contains a bit more latest patches than what your OEM would have shipped.</p><p><strong>How should I merge?</strong>
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Merging CAF requires tags. They aren’t normal repos with branches. They are tagged so that you can fetch a specific tag at any point.
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Lets say your processor is Snapdragon 660. Look up for its codename(google), its sdm660.
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If you wanna know the latest tag for your processor checkout this link: <a href=https://t.me/CAFReleases target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://t.me/CAFReleases</a>
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Just use telegram’s search button and search for your processor.</p><p>Mind it these are all tagged with android versions. If you use a kernel that’s Pie and merge a CAF tag of android 10, you might be ending with 420 conflicts, not kidding.</p><ul><li>You need to get some patience looking for your tag, as usual</li><li>Get here, <a href=https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/</a></li><li>You will find kernel/msm-4.4, 4.9, 4.14 and a bunch others</li><li>According to whats yours, copy that link</li><li>Then its a usual git merge!</li><li>git pull <a href=https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/kernel/msm-4.4/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/kernel/msm-4.4/</a> {YOUR TAG}</li><li>And boom! Again conflicts! Again resolution!</li></ul><p><strong>QCACLD Upstreaming</strong></p><p>Just look out which android is your OEM/other developer using it on. Because Pie tags can work on 10 while the other way round wont.
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You found the tag name, so get to your terminal and follow a few steps.</p><p>From LKN chat in telegram,
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Initial merge:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span class=line><span class=cl>git remote add qcacld-3.0 https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/qcacld-3.0
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>git fetch qcacld-3.0 <TAG>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>git merge -s ours --no-commit --allow-unrelated-histories FETCH_HEAD
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>git read-tree --prefix<span class=o>=</span>drivers/staging/qcacld-3.0 -u FETCH_HEAD
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>git commit
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</span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Updating to a newer tag</strong>:</p><div class=highlight><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash><span class=line><span class=cl>git fetch qcacld-3.0 <TAG>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>git merge -X <span class=nv>subtree</span><span class=o>=</span>drivers/staging/qcacld-3.0 FETCH_HEAD
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>Repeat the above <span class=k>for</span>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>qca-wifi-host-cmn and fw-api as well.
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>qcacld-3.0 source: https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/qcacld-3.0
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>fw-api source: https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/fw-api
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>qca-wifi-host-cmn source: https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/qca-wifi-host-cmn
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</span></span></code></pre></div><p>If you happen to have some merge conflicts, just understand its some bunch of C code, you can understand the logic and figure it out.</p><p>Well, techpack of 4.14 too follows similar scheme as you did for the qcacld.
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The repos you need to lookout for are audio-kernel and data-kernel</p><p><strong>Linux Upstream</strong></p><p><strong>Why upstream?</strong>:</p><p>Upstreaming Linux helps you patch some critical vulnerabilities that might have been spotted after the kernel was released.
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The point releases like 4.14.170, 171, indicate some vulnerability or performance or maybe even some driver fixes.
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They dont usually add major changes.</p><p><strong>How to upstream?</strong>:
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Linux upstream can be done from three different places as of now.
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<a href=https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git</a>
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<a href=https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/+refs target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/+refs</a>
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<a href=https://github.com/android-linux-stable/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://github.com/android-linux-stable/</a></p><p><strong>What is the diff?</strong>
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Kernel/common is done by the same person who deals with merges on kernel.org git.
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Its adapted for android, if you want the bleeding edge patches working perfectly on android you need to head right here.</p><p><strong>Android-Linux-Stable:</strong></p><p>This has both CAF patches and Linux stable merged. It’s a sweet spot for laziness. Go checkout their readme for more: <a href=https://github.com/android-linux-stable/notes/tree/master/trees target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://github.com/android-linux-stable/notes/tree/master/trees</a></p><p>Merging any of these is bound to introduce a git conflict. Have fun resolving them.</p><p><strong>Upstreaming your kernel with ASB:</strong></p><p>What’s android security patch doing in kernels?</p><ul><li><p>Well, Google releases security patches every month, and we know that, there’s nothing new about it.
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But they also fix some vulnerabilities they found on their Pixel Kernel. You can merge them up, showing off to your users that
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security is maxxed (Bootloader unlocked, so nothing is safe)</p></li><li><p>So lets get started.</p></li><li><p>Go to Google kernel/common, if you forgot/donno what it is. Its here <a href=https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/</a></p></li><li><p>Browse its tags, not branches!</p></li><li><p>Look for the ASB-2020-01-05-{kernel-version}-{android-version}</p></li><li><p>By android version, it means your kernel’s base android version.</p></li><li><p>Dont randomly pick an android q patch over android p kernel base. Thats not gonna work!</p></li><li><p>Now for merging the tag!</p></li><li><p>git pull <a href=https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/</a> {your tag you discovered}</p></li><li><p>Its gonna throw a real bunch of conflicts, use some C knowledge and common sense to resolve them.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Building with Clang:</strong></p><p>Clang is an LLVM C/C++/Objective-C compiler, which means, its basically just another C compiler. But whats so special about clang? Its faster!
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When you compile 1million files, a bump of few ms on each file, bumps the whole process by minutes.</p><p><strong>Can every kernel build on clang?</strong>
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Yes, as long as your kernel is above 3.18
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Do I need to do something to make it support?
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Grab a clang-patchset from <a href=https://github.com/nathanchance/android-kernel-clang target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener">https://github.com/nathanchance/android-kernel-clang</a>
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Checkout the branches and decide which one you need.</p><p>4.14 and above natively support clang. You don’t need to mess with your source.</p><p>Have fun hacking!</p></div></section><footer class="pt-8 max-w-prose print:hidden"><div class=flex><img class="!mb-0 !mt-0 me-4 h-24 w-24 rounded-full" width=96 height=96 alt=baalajimaestro src=/logo_hud38acf383e8b0ec59a144c7188a6b106_63924_192x192_fill_q75_h2_box_center_2.webp loading=lazy><div class=place-self-center><div class="text-[0.6rem] uppercase leading-3 text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400">Author</div><div class="font-semibold leading-6 text-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-300">baalajimaestro</div><div class="text-2xl sm:text-lg"></div></div></div><section class="flex flex-row flex-wrap justify-center pt-4 text-xl"><a class="m-1 inline-block min-w-[2.4rem] rounded bg-neutral-300 p-1 text-center text-neutral-700 hover:bg-primary-500 hover:text-neutral dark:bg-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300 dark:hover:bg-primary-400 dark:hover:text-neutral-800" 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<span class="flex flex-col"><span class="mt-[0.1rem] leading-6 group-hover:underline group-hover:decoration-primary-500">Vendor Blob Extraction</span>
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<span class="mt-[0.1rem] text-xs text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400"><time datetime="2019-10-10 21:24:00 +0530 +0530">10 October 2019</time></span></span></a></span>
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<span><a class="group flex text-right" href=/posts/android-community/><span class="flex flex-col"><span class="mt-[0.1rem] leading-6 group-hover:underline group-hover:decoration-primary-500">Android and its hostile community</span>
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<span class="mt-[0.1rem] text-xs text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400"><time datetime="2021-06-22 12:29:41 +0530 +0530">22 June 2021</time></span></span>
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